近日，浙江大学中国农村发展研究院博士毕业生徐孟与导师陈志钢教授和合作导师汪笑溪研究员合作撰写的论文“Leveraging agricultural production organizations to reduce fertilizer use: Evidence from China”在农业经济学领域权威期刊Food Policy正式发表。

文章概要

中国小农为主的农业生产模式，及其具有较小经营规模、土地分散化和较低的机械化水平和技术采纳等特征，是影响化肥过量使用的重要因素。研究聚焦农业生产组织化在连接小农户与现代农业生产之间的桥梁作用，探讨了不同组织形式对化肥减量的影响和作用机制。

研究基于浙大卡特-企研中国涉农研究数据库、中国县级面板数据和农村固定观察点等多源数据，实证考察了农业企业、农民合作社与家庭农场三类组织形式对化肥减量的影响。结果表明，农业企业和农民合作社的发展显著降低了县级层面的化肥施用强度，而家庭农场的作用不显著。机制分析发现，这两种组织形式可通过提高农业机械化水平，促进土地规模化的渠道推进化肥减量；同时可通过机械化服务等方式对小农户的化肥减量产生积极的溢出效应。进一步分析表明，农业企业在土地流转率高、深施肥技术应用普及、东部和平原地区的减肥作用更强；而农民合作社在不同特征的地区均可发挥其化肥减施的影响，体现了其治理结构的优势。

本研究系统评估了农业生产组织化对推进化肥减量的综合影响，为突破小农生产特征约束、实现化肥减量提供了重要的组织化路径参考。

英文摘要

Smallholder-dominated agriculture in China faces severe fertilizer overuse due to fragmented land, limited mechanization, and low adoption of advanced agricultural technologies. Agricultural production organizations (e.g., family farms, agricultural cooperatives, and agricultural enterprises), characterized by their relatively large scale and advanced agricultural practices, are considered potential solutions for promoting more sustainable practices. This study investigates whether and how different agricultural production organization forms are associated with fertilizer use in China. Linking detailed business registry data with county-level panel data, we find that agricultural enterprises and cooperatives are associated with reductions in fertilizer use at the county level, while family farms do not show a significant relationship. Agricultural mechanization and land consolidation are potential channels through which agricultural enterprises and cooperatives are linked to these reductions. Further analysis with household survey data suggests associations between these two types of organizations and reductions in smallholders’ fertilizer inputs through agricultural services. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that agricultural enterprises have a more pronounced effect in areas with extensive land transfer, advanced fertilization techniques, and in the eastern and plain regions of China. Agricultural cooperatives, benefiting from their unique governance structure, consistently show negative associations with fertilizer use regardless of land transfer, fertilization techniques, and topography constraints. Our findings provide insights into pathways for transitioning smallholder farming toward sustainable agriculture.

论文信息

Xu, M., Wang, X., & Chen, K. (2025). Leveraging agricultural production organizations to reduce fertilizer use: Evidence from China. Food Policy, 133, 102891. doi：10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102891

原文链接

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030691922500096X?via=ihub