【英文篇名】 The Cluster-based Putting-out System and Entrepreneurship
【作者】 阮建青/张晓波/卫龙宝
【作者单位】浙江大学中国农村发展研究院 ; International Food Policy Research Institute.
【刊名】管理世界, MANAGEMENT WORLD, 2008年 11期 .
【关键词】 包买商制 工业革命 产业集群 生产效率 企业家才能
【Abstract】Putting-out system; Industrial Revolution; Cluster; Productivity; Entrepreneurship
【摘要】 包买商制是欧洲工业革命之前主要的手工业品生产组织形式。传统文献认为这种生产组织形式是低效的，且最终将被大工厂制所取代。但是，历史资料显示包买商制在工业革命之中以及工业革命完成之后依然存在；而且，这一制度及其变形在当代一些不同工业化程度的国家和地区获得了复兴，尤其是在中国沿海地区这一生产组织形式通过产业集群的形式获得了新的竞争力。因而，包买商制并不是工业化进程中暂时性的现象，在特定时间和环境下，这一制度依然是有效的。本文分析了濮院羊毛衫产业集群中共存的包买商制与工厂制两种生产组织形式，利用微观数据比较了两者的生产效率，在实证上支持了包买商制并不一定低效的理论假说；并进而从企业家才能使用的角度，解释了特定环境下包买商制有效的原因。
【英文摘要】 The putting-out system was widespread prior to the Industrial Revolution in Europe. However, in the process of the Industrial Revolution, it was largely replaced by the factory system. As a result, the putting-out system was regarded as an obsolete organization form by many scholars. Yet, the putting-out system and its modern variants, subcontracting, have been widely observed in many countries and regions at different phases of industrialization. It has been in particular popular in coastal China. Using primary survey data in a rural industrial cluster in Zhejiang Province, this paper shows that the putting-out system is more productive than the integrated factory system in the cashmere sweater industry. We argue that the superior performance of the putting-out system is largely driven by the high entrepreneurship intensity inherent in the system. In other words, the putting-out system has made better use of the entrepreneurial talents scattered in the rural areas with limited capital and abundant labor and entrepreneurs.
【作者】 阮建青/张晓波/卫龙宝
【作者单位】浙江大学中国农村发展研究院 ; International Food Policy Research Institute.
【刊名】管理世界, MANAGEMENT WORLD, 2008年 11期 .
【关键词】 包买商制 工业革命 产业集群 生产效率 企业家才能
【Abstract】Putting-out system; Industrial Revolution; Cluster; Productivity; Entrepreneurship
【摘要】 包买商制是欧洲工业革命之前主要的手工业品生产组织形式。传统文献认为这种生产组织形式是低效的，且最终将被大工厂制所取代。但是，历史资料显示包买商制在工业革命之中以及工业革命完成之后依然存在；而且，这一制度及其变形在当代一些不同工业化程度的国家和地区获得了复兴，尤其是在中国沿海地区这一生产组织形式通过产业集群的形式获得了新的竞争力。因而，包买商制并不是工业化进程中暂时性的现象，在特定时间和环境下，这一制度依然是有效的。本文分析了濮院羊毛衫产业集群中共存的包买商制与工厂制两种生产组织形式，利用微观数据比较了两者的生产效率，在实证上支持了包买商制并不一定低效的理论假说；并进而从企业家才能使用的角度，解释了特定环境下包买商制有效的原因。
【英文摘要】 The putting-out system was widespread prior to the Industrial Revolution in Europe. However, in the process of the Industrial Revolution, it was largely replaced by the factory system. As a result, the putting-out system was regarded as an obsolete organization form by many scholars. Yet, the putting-out system and its modern variants, subcontracting, have been widely observed in many countries and regions at different phases of industrialization. It has been in particular popular in coastal China. Using primary survey data in a rural industrial cluster in Zhejiang Province, this paper shows that the putting-out system is more productive than the integrated factory system in the cashmere sweater industry. We argue that the superior performance of the putting-out system is largely driven by the high entrepreneurship intensity inherent in the system. In other words, the putting-out system has made better use of the entrepreneurial talents scattered in the rural areas with limited capital and abundant labor and entrepreneurs.
